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	<title>Miguel A. Mart&#237;nez</title>
	<link>https://www.miguelangelmartinez.net/</link>
	<description>Miguel A. Mart&#237;nez is Professor of Housing and Urban Sociology at the IBF (Institute for Housing and Urban Research), Uppsala University (Sweden). This website collects most of his academic publications and informs about his research projects. He has conducted studies about urban sociology, housing, social movements, and participatory-activist methodologies.</description>
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		<title>Miguel A. Mart&#237;nez</title>
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<item xml:lang="en">
		<title>Researching on, from, for and with squatters</title>
		<link>https://miguelangelmartinez.net/?Researching-on-from-for-and-with-squatters</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://miguelangelmartinez.net/?Researching-on-from-for-and-with-squatters</guid>
		<dc:date>2026-04-21T21:33:53Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>en</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>Miguel Angel Martinez</dc:creator>


		<dc:subject>Squatting</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Activism</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Methods</dc:subject>

		<description>&lt;p&gt;Mart&#237;nez, Miguel A. (2026) Researching on, from, for and with squatters. &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.miguelangelmartinez.net/?Researching-on-from-for-and-with-squatters&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;https://www.miguelangelmartinez.net/?Researching-on-from-for-and-with-squatters&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

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&lt;a href="https://miguelangelmartinez.net/?+-Squatting-+" rel="tag"&gt;Squatting&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://miguelangelmartinez.net/?+-Activism-+" rel="tag"&gt;Activism&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://miguelangelmartinez.net/?+-Methods-+" rel="tag"&gt;Methods&lt;/a&gt;

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 <content:encoded>&lt;img src='https://miguelangelmartinez.net/local/cache-vignettes/L150xH110/screenshot_2026-04-16_193724-29758.png?1777131936' class='spip_logo spip_logo_right' width='150' height='110' alt=&#034;&#034; /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;p&gt;To what extent do my studies on squatting constitute activist research? Or what kind of activist research did my studies give rise to? Although I have already reflected on this in other publications, I believe that the above questions have not been sufficiently answered. Here I reflect on the differences and continuities of the three phases of my activist studies on squatting.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		
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<item xml:lang="es">
		<title>Investigar sobre, desde, para y con las okupaciones</title>
		<link>https://miguelangelmartinez.net/?Investigar-sobre-desde-para-y-con-las-okupaciones</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://miguelangelmartinez.net/?Investigar-sobre-desde-para-y-con-las-okupaciones</guid>
		<dc:date>2026-04-21T19:42:56Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>es</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>Miguel Angel Martinez</dc:creator>


		<dc:subject>Squatting</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Activism</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Methods</dc:subject>

		<description>&lt;p&gt;Mart&#237;nez, Miguel A. (2026) Investigar sobre, desde, para y con las okupaciones. &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.miguelangelmartinez.net/?Investigar-sobre-desde-para-y-con-las-okupaciones&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;https://www.miguelangelmartinez.net/?Investigar-sobre-desde-para-y-con-las-okupaciones&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

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&lt;a href="https://miguelangelmartinez.net/?+-Squatting-+" rel="tag"&gt;Squatting&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://miguelangelmartinez.net/?+-Activism-+" rel="tag"&gt;Activism&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://miguelangelmartinez.net/?+-Methods-+" rel="tag"&gt;Methods&lt;/a&gt;

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		&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;p&gt;En este texto reflexiono sobre las tres etapas de mis estudios sobre las pr&#225;cticas y movimientos de okupaciones. En concreto, analizo de forma retrospectiva el tipo de &#034;investigaci&#243;n activista&#034; desarrollada en cada etapa y las m&#250;ltiples modalidades experimentadas a lo largo de varias d&#233;cadas.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		
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<item xml:lang="en">
		<title>Books as political tools: What kind of activist research?</title>
		<link>https://miguelangelmartinez.net/?Books-as-political-tools-What-kind-of-activist-research</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://miguelangelmartinez.net/?Books-as-political-tools-What-kind-of-activist-research</guid>
		<dc:date>2026-04-16T21:59:29Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>en</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>Miguel Angel Martinez</dc:creator>


		<dc:subject>Social Movements</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Activism</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Assembly</dc:subject>

		<description>&lt;p&gt;Mart&#237;nez, Miguel A. (2026) Books as political tools: What kind of activist research? &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.miguelangelmartinez.net/?Books-as-political-tools-What-kind-of-activist-research&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;https://www.miguelangelmartinez.net/?Books-as-political-tools-What-kind-of-activist-research&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

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&lt;a href="https://miguelangelmartinez.net/?+-Assembly-+" rel="tag"&gt;Assembly&lt;/a&gt;

		</description>


 <content:encoded>&lt;img src='https://miguelangelmartinez.net/local/cache-vignettes/L106xH150/2001_asambleas-2-dcccc.jpg?1777131936' class='spip_logo spip_logo_right' width='106' height='150' alt=&#034;&#034; /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;p&gt;I was recently asked about the political effectiveness of my academic work. My first response was that it is not easy to measure such effectiveness. I often have no idea who reads my texts or what they do with them. They might be students using them in their learning, activists drawing inspiration from them, or professionals borrowing ideas or references to inform their work. I rarely hear about these uses, though I am always pleased to hear about them when people tell me. I must therefore admit that citations in academic publications account for only a small fraction of the total social and political impact my work has. And here lies the paradox: those writings with the greatest public reach are scarcely cited in the academic world and are not even recognised by my professional colleagues as a valuable achievement. This is exactly what has happened to the first book I wrote (together with Ana Lorenzo): Assemblies and Meetings. Metodolog&#237;as de autoorganizaci&#243;n (Traficantes de Sue&#241;os/Asociaci&#243;n Para la Econom&#237;a Social, Madrid, 2001: &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.miguelangelmartinez.net/?Asambleas-y-reuniones-Metodologias-de-autoorganizacion&#034; class=&#034;spip_url spip_out auto&#034; rel=&#034;nofollow external&#034;&gt;https://www.miguelangelmartinez.net/?Asambleas-y-reuniones-Metodologias-de-autoorganizacion&lt;/a&gt;). I think it is worth briefly recalling its journey.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;We initially wrote the book in Galician language in 1997, following the consultancy work we were involved in at the time with worker cooperatives (mainly in the textile and education sectors) and consumer cooperatives (in telecommunications and organic products). The aim was simple: to provide these cooperatives and other social organisations with a series of &#8216;techniques' to facilitate &#8216;the effective and satisfactory conduct' of their meetings. In common terms, it was a &#8216;cookbook' or &#8216;practical guide' to be used for training in assembly practice and for resolving (or collectively reflecting on) some of the usual problems: &#8216;meetings are very long and unproductive, they are conducted in a non-participatory or even undemocratic manner, they are tedious and unappealing, (&#8230;) attitudes of boycotting meetings are very common, stemming from unresolved disagreements, conflicts or disputes with the organisation' to which one belongs, etc.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Hundreds of copies were printed. We then translated it into Spanish and it was published in three print editions (2001, 2005 and 2010, with a print run of 1,000 books in each edition). At the same time, it was made available for free download online by the publisher Traficantes de Sue&#241;os. Furthermore, we waived all copyright claims entirely, as we wanted the price of the printed edition to be as low as possible. We do not have exact figures for the thousands of copies that have been sold, photocopied and read in digital format, but I can say that its distribution and impact were massive. I estimate that its widest circulation occurred during its first decade, with a particularly notable surge during the 15M movement of 2011. Many participants in that movement read and used our book (including in summary form), which I was able to verify for myself in squares and neighbourhood assemblies, in statements by activists in the media, and in the circulation of the book (or its summary) across the movement's platforms and networks. Activists from the squatted social centres I was involved with also read it frequently, even without realising that one of its authors was sitting right there beside them. In the Galician cooperatives with which we often interacted, the printed book was distributed free of charge thanks to the financial support of the Federation of Cooperatives. French comrades also translated it and reduced its size, although they did not send me a copy. I suppose its reach in the Spanish-speaking world has also been very wide thanks to its digital availability, although I will find it difficult to verify this.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;It is, of course, gratifying to see that an &#8216;academic' work proves useful to so many people, and that it also aims to improve their processes of deliberation, decision-making and, ultimately, grassroots democratic self-organisation. But is it really an &#8216;academic' work? Moreover, does this book constitute a model of &#8216;activist research' (&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.miguelangelmartinez.net/?Activist-Research-as-a-Methodological-Toolbox-to-Advance-Public-Sociology&#034; class=&#034;spip_url spip_out auto&#034; rel=&#034;nofollow external&#034;&gt;https://www.miguelangelmartinez.net/?Activist-Research-as-a-Methodological-Toolbox-to-Advance-Public-Sociology&lt;/a&gt;)? In the book, we offered only a few superficial hints regarding these questions. We said, on the one hand, that it was based on our &#8216;experience' of training and consultancy in cooperative enterprises, but also that it stemmed from our &#8216;activism' in various collectives. In my case, I had taken part in student assemblies and demonstrations, free radio stations, squats and the movement for conscientious objection to military service. All of these were typically small collectives, operating within a diffuse autonomous and anarchist movement. Added to this were organisations that were less &#8220;radical&#8221; politically (though the attributes of radicalism are always highly debatable), such as the aforementioned cooperatives and the associations involved in a Community Development Plan, with which I carried out a more standard process of participatory action research (PAR) and where meetings were, as you can imagine, far from infrequent.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;On the other hand, we laid our cards on the table from the outset: &#8216;Although we may speak of technical tools for organising meetings and assemblies, it is clear that these tools are laden with social and political content. They are, specifically, arguments, social calculations and &#8216;technical' proposals, rather than mere techniques or practices such as sewing or tiling.' As for &#8216;techniques', these comprised academic knowledge we had acquired during our university studies and which we continued to reflect upon in the years that followed. Although we had both begun doctoral studies, only I continued with them, without much certainty regarding the future of an academic career or the value of this book within it.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Given these circumstances, the book could be interpreted as a &#8216;political tool' for activists in horizontal organisations and, at the same time or exclusively, as a text for the &#8216;academic dissemination' of technical knowledge to aid in the facilitation of meetings and assemblies. For me, both interpretations are true. Our intention was to enable grassroots social organisations, with a radically democratic and progressive commitment, to hold better meetings and resolve their usual conflicts within these forms of group or organisational interaction. This was a political aim, although we could never have predicted the massive reach that the book's dissemination might eventually achieve. On the other hand, we did not intend simply to provide general guidelines or to promote a single model of assemblies. We wanted the guidelines to be detailed and to offer flexible possibilities for putting them into practice. To this end, we combined our activist experiences with our academic reading and our discussions with other colleagues, both activists and academics.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In this sense, it was not a conventional form of &#8216;activist research', involving planned fieldwork or explicit collaboration between activists and academics for the purpose of developing a research project or writing this particular book. However, the writing process did respond to the principles of activist research insofar as it fed back into activism what we had researched on our own and, at the same time, as activists in interaction with various activists. In fact, this book was strongly influenced by our training in PAR, French institutional socio-analysis, psychoanalytic psychodrama, group dynamics, popular education, socio-cultural animation, sociology of work, non-violent conflict resolution, semiotics and social communication. In these and other subjects, we read with relish and discussed their contributions and limitations. These were the early days of the internet, so most of our sources were books and photocopies. But all that work of reading and critical analysis had to be translated into language accessible to a broad audience, with minimal educational qualifications, and include illustrations, summary tables, examples, lists of recommendations, and direct, clear messages. It is at this point that activist experience and common sense provided a certain sense of reality regarding the level of communication required for &#8216;technical' outreach work such as this.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;As I have pointed out before, this is also a technique steeped in political content. In our activist circles at that time, we also read texts arising from the political controversies in which we were engaged, from trade union struggles, from revolutionary periods of the past, from related ideological currents such as anarchism and left-communism, from reflections emerging from within social movements, and so on. These texts are scarcely cited in this manual, though they do make the occasional appearance in the collage of references we had woven throughout the text. We also drew on all these activist traditions and &#8216;knowledge'. However, the aim was not to produce a pamphlet that conformed to the &#8216;dogma' or &#8216;official line' of any one of them. On the contrary, we focused on an intermediate or cross-cutting political terrain. Specifically, we were particularly concerned that meetings and assemblies should achieve three fundamental &#8216;levels of objectives': effectiveness, democratic participation, and personal relationships characterised by cordiality and cooperation. There may be contradictions between them or some may be assessed more highly than others in each case, but this set proved to be a sufficiently clear and inspiring guide for many potential readers with different ideological positions. I would even go so far as to say that this triad of objectives was counter-hegemonic both as a challenge to the dominance of hierarchical social relations and organisations in capitalist societies and authoritarian systems, and in relation to the everyday micro-aggressions that occur in many social organisations that claim to be left-wing or horizontal.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The book was followed by a number of short articles serving as a coda (&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.miguelangelmartinez.net/?Reflexiones-sobre-las-asambleas&#034; class=&#034;spip_url spip_out auto&#034; rel=&#034;nofollow external&#034;&gt;https://www.miguelangelmartinez.net/?Reflexiones-sobre-las-asambleas&lt;/a&gt;) and, in my case, by my continued close observation of the assemblies and meetings in which I continued to participate, particularly during the height of the 15M movement (2011&#8211;2013). In the years immediately following the book's publication, various activist groups asked us to run training workshops on its main content. Ana Lorenzo worked professionally for decades in the cooperative and voluntary sector, honing her expertise in organisational matters. New, relevant and brilliant books on assembly techniques were also published by Ana and other authors (for example, F. Cembranos and J.A. Medina: &lt;i&gt;Grupos inteligentes. Teor&#237;a y pr&#225;ctica del trabajo en equipo&lt;/i&gt;, Ed. Popular, 2011; A. Lorenzo, J. Fente and L. Garc&#237;a: &lt;i&gt;Asembleas cooperativas. Procesos de democracia e participaci&#243;n&lt;/i&gt;, Cidadan&#237;a S.Coop., 2010; A. Estalella: &lt;i&gt;C&#243;mo hacer una asamblea&lt;/i&gt;, La aventura de aprender, 2017). In the squatting and housing movements with which I collaborated, similar initiatives also emerged to produce books in the form of &#8216;manuals' which enjoyed widespread circulation (for example, &lt;i&gt;Manual de Okupaci&#243;n&lt;/i&gt;, Okupatutambien.net, 2011; J. Fran&#231;a: &lt;i&gt;La PAH. Manual de uso&lt;/i&gt;. Rosa Luxemburg Stiftung, 2021; Sindicato de Inquilinas e Inquilinos de Madrid: &lt;i&gt;Manual de organizaci&#243;n inquilina&lt;/i&gt;, Rosa Luxemburg Stiftung, 2023). In all these cases, these books have little academic &#8216;recognition' (they do not count as &#8216;currency') and yet they do have a significant political impact thanks to the academic knowledge of their authors. Although they do not necessarily stem from systematic and collaborative research, they do align with currents of activist and militant research, at least in one of their facets: &#8220;technical dissemination&#8221; in the sense outlined above. These are, therefore, in my view, books with a low academic profile, but with a high capacity to generate grassroots political organisation and to empower activists. Although they may not feature prominently on our academic CVs, I believe that their proven social utility as &#8216;political tools' ensures that academic work retains meaning beyond the simplistic, reductionist and neoliberal impact metrics that have come to colonise today's universities.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		
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<item xml:lang="es">
		<title>Libros como herramientas pol&#237;ticas: &#191;qu&#233; tipo de investigaci&#243;n activista?</title>
		<link>https://miguelangelmartinez.net/?Libros-como-herramientas-politicas-que-tipo-de-investigacion-activista</link>
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		<dc:date>2026-04-16T17:49:15Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>es</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>Miguel Angel Martinez</dc:creator>


		<dc:subject>Social Movements</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Activism</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Assembly</dc:subject>

		<description>&lt;p&gt;Mart&#237;nez, Miguel A. (2026) Libros como herramientas pol&#237;ticas: &#191;qu&#233; tipo de investigaci&#243;n activista? &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.miguelangelmartinez.net/?Libros-como-herramientas-politicas-que-tipo-de-investigacion-activista&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;https://www.miguelangelmartinez.net/?Libros-como-herramientas-politicas-que-tipo-de-investigacion-activista&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

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&lt;a href="https://miguelangelmartinez.net/?+-Assembly-+" rel="tag"&gt;Assembly&lt;/a&gt;

		</description>


 <content:encoded>&lt;img src='https://miguelangelmartinez.net/local/cache-vignettes/L106xH150/2001_asambleas-bba7e.jpg?1777131937' class='spip_logo spip_logo_right' width='106' height='150' alt=&#034;&#034; /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;p&gt;Hace poco me preguntaron por la eficacia pol&#237;tica de mis trabajos acad&#233;micos. Lo primero que respond&#237; es que no es f&#225;cil medir esa eficacia. A menudo desconozco qui&#233;n lee mis textos y qu&#233; hace con ellos. Puede tratarse de estudiantes que los utilizan en sus procesos de aprendizaje, activistas que los usan como inspiraci&#243;n, o profesionales que toman prestadas ideas o referencias para informar sus trabajos. Rara vez me llegan ecos de esos usos, aunque me alegra escucharlos cuando me los relatan. Por lo tanto, debo admitir que las citas en publicaciones acad&#233;micas no cubren m&#225;s que una peque&#241;a parte de todos los impactos sociales y pol&#237;ticos que tienen mis publicaciones. E incluso se da la paradoja de que aquellos escritos con m&#225;s repercusi&#243;n p&#250;blica apenas son citados en el mundo acad&#233;mico y ni siquiera son reconocidos por mis colegas profesionales como un m&#233;rito valioso. Esto es exactamente lo que le sucede al primer libro que escrib&#237; con Ana Lorenzo: Asambleas y reuniones. Metodolog&#237;as de autoorganizaci&#243;n (Traficantes de Sue&#241;os/Asociaci&#243;n Para A Econom&#237;a Social, Madrid, 2001: &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.miguelangelmartinez.net/?Asambleas-y-reuniones-Metodologias-de-autoorganizacion&#034; class=&#034;spip_url spip_out auto&#034; rel=&#034;nofollow external&#034;&gt;https://www.miguelangelmartinez.net/?Asambleas-y-reuniones-Metodologias-de-autoorganizacion&lt;/a&gt;). Creo que merece la pena recordar brevemente su periplo.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;El libro lo escribimos inicialmente en gallego, en 1997, a ra&#237;z de los trabajos de asesoramiento a cooperativas de trabajo (textiles y educativas, sobre todo) y de consumo (de telecomunicaciones y de productos ecol&#243;gicos) en los que est&#225;bamos involucrados en aquella &#233;poca. El objetivo era simple: proporcionarles a esas cooperativas y a otras organizaciones sociales una serie de &#8220;t&#233;cnicas&#8221; para facilitar &#8220;el desarrollo eficaz y satisfactorio&#8221; de sus reuniones. En los t&#233;rminos usuales, se trataba de un &#8220;manual&#8221; o &#8220;gu&#237;a pr&#225;ctica&#8221; al que recurrir para entrenarse en la pr&#225;ctica asamblearia y solucionar (o reflexionar colectivamente) sobre algunos de los problemas habituales: &#8220;las reuniones son muy largas y poco productivas, se desarrollan de forma poco participativa o incluso antidemocr&#225;tica, resultan pesadas y poco atractivas (&#8230;) son muy frecuentes las actitudes de boicot a las reuniones que tiene su origen en disconformidades, conflictos o desacuerdos no solventados con la entidad&#8221; a la que se pertenece, etc.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Se imprimieron cientos de ejemplares en gallego. Despu&#233;s lo tradujimos al castellano y se public&#243; en tres ediciones en papel (2001, 2005 y 2010, con una tirada de 1.000 libros en cada una). Al mismo tiempo se puso a disposici&#243;n de descarga libre en l&#237;nea por parte de la editorial Traficantes de Sue&#241;os. Adem&#225;s, renunciamos completamente a los derechos de autor/a pues quer&#237;amos que su precio, en caso de la edici&#243;n impresa, fuera el m&#225;s bajo posible. No tenemos datos exactos de los miles de unidades que se han vendido, fotocopiado y le&#237;do en formato digital, pero s&#237; puedo decir que su distribuci&#243;n e impacto fueron masivos. Estimo que su mayor difusi&#243;n ocurri&#243; durante su primera d&#233;cada de vida, con un auge especialmente notable durante el movimiento 15M de 2011. Muchos y muchas participantes en aquel movimiento lo leyeron y usaron (incluso en un formato resumido), lo que pude comprobar por m&#237; mismo en plazas y asambleas, en declaraciones de activistas en medios de comunicaci&#243;n y en la circulaci&#243;n del libro (o su resumen) por las plataformas y redes del movimiento. Activistas de Centros Sociales Okupados en los que estuve involucrado tambi&#233;n lo le&#237;an con frecuencia, incluso sin saber que uno de sus autores estaba sentado all&#237; al lado suyo. En las cooperativas gallegas con las que nos relacion&#225;bamos a menudo, el libro en papel se difundi&#243; de forma gratuita gracias al apoyo econ&#243;mico de la Federaci&#243;n de cooperativas. Compa&#241;eros franceses tambi&#233;n lo tradujeron y adelgazaron en tama&#241;o, aunque no me enviaron una copia. Supongo que su alcance en el mundo hispanohablante ha sido tambi&#233;n muy amplio gracias a su disponibilidad digital, aunque dif&#237;cilmente podr&#233; verificarlo.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Por supuesto, es una satisfacci&#243;n comprobar que un trabajo &#8220;acad&#233;mico&#8221; resulta &#250;til para tanta gente y, adem&#225;s, persiguiendo la mejora de sus procesos de deliberaci&#243;n, toma de decisiones y, en definitiva, de autoorganizaci&#243;n democr&#225;tica de base. Pero, &#191;se trata realmente de un trabajo &#8220;acad&#233;mico&#8221;? Es m&#225;s, &#191;consiste este libro en un modelo de &#8220;investigaci&#243;n activista&#8221; (&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.miguelangelmartinez.net/?Activist-Research-as-a-Methodological-Toolbox-to-Advance-Public-Sociology&#034; class=&#034;spip_url spip_out auto&#034; rel=&#034;nofollow external&#034;&gt;https://www.miguelangelmartinez.net/?Activist-Research-as-a-Methodological-Toolbox-to-Advance-Public-Sociology&lt;/a&gt;)? En el libro solo dimos algunas pistas superficiales acerca de estas preguntas. Dijimos, por una parte, que estaba basado en nuestra &#8220;experiencia&#8221; de formaci&#243;n y asesoramiento en empresas cooperativas, pero tambi&#233;n que proven&#237;a de nuestro &#8220;activismo&#8221; en distintos colectivos. En mi caso, hab&#237;a participado en asambleas y movilizaciones estudiantiles, en radios libres, okupaciones y el movimiento por la insumisi&#243;n al servicio militar. Todos ellos, colectivos habitualmente peque&#241;os, orbitando dentro de un difuso movimiento aut&#243;nomo y anarquista. A esa pr&#225;ctica se a&#241;ad&#237;an organizaciones menos &#8220;radicales&#8221; pol&#237;ticamente (aunque los atributos de radicalidad son siempre muy discutibles) como las cooperativas mencionadas y las asociaciones de un Plan de Desarrollo Comunitario con las que desarroll&#233; un proceso m&#225;s cl&#225;sico de investigaci&#243;n-acci&#243;n participativa (IAP) y donde las reuniones tampoco eran poco frecuentes, como se puede imaginar.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Por otra parte, descubrimos nuestras cartas y las reglas del juego desde el principio: &#8220;Aunque podamos hablar de herramientas de tipo t&#233;cnico para la organizaci&#243;n de reuniones y asambleas, est&#225; claro que estas herramientas est&#225;n cargadas de un contenido social y pol&#237;tico. Son, espec&#237;ficamente, argumentaciones, c&#225;lculos sociales y propuestas &#8216;t&#233;cnicas', m&#225;s que simples t&#233;cnicas o pr&#225;cticas como puedan ser coser o alicatar.&#8221; En cuanto &#8220;t&#233;cnicas&#8221;, pues, comprend&#237;an conocimientos acad&#233;micos que hab&#237;amos adquirido durante nuestra formaci&#243;n universitaria y sobre los que seguimos reflexionando en los a&#241;os posteriores. Aunque ambos hab&#237;amos comenzado estudios de doctorado, solo yo los continu&#233; sin muchas certezas respecto al futuro de la carrera acad&#233;mica ni al valor de este libro en la misma.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Con estos mimbres, el libro pod&#237;a ser interpretado como una &#8220;herramienta pol&#237;tica&#8221; para activistas de organizaciones horizontales y, a la vez o exclusivamente, como un texto de &#8220;divulgaci&#243;n acad&#233;mica&#8221; de conocimientos t&#233;cnicos para ayudar en la facilitaci&#243;n de reuniones y asambleas. Para m&#237;, ambas interpretaciones son ciertas. Nuestra intenci&#243;n era conseguir que las organizaciones sociales de base, y con un compromiso radicalmente democr&#225;tico y progresista, realizaran mejores reuniones y resolvieran sus conflictos habituales en estas formas de relaci&#243;n a escala grupal u organizacional. Esta era una finalidad pol&#237;tica, aunque nunca pudimos predecir el alcance masivo que podr&#237;a llegar a tener la difusi&#243;n del libro. Por otro lado, no pretend&#237;amos simplemente dar unas pautas generalistas ni promover un &#250;nico modelo de asambleas. Quer&#237;amos que las pautas fueran detalladas y que proporcionaran posibilidades flexibles para ponerlas en pr&#225;ctica. Por ello, combinamos nuestras experiencias activistas con nuestras lecturas acad&#233;micas y nuestros debates con otros colegas, tanto activistas como acad&#233;micos.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En este sentido, no se trat&#243; de un tipo de &#8220;investigaci&#243;n activista&#8221; convencional, con un trabajo de campo planificado ni con una colaboraci&#243;n expl&#237;cita entre activistas y acad&#233;micos al objeto de desarrollar un proyecto de investigaci&#243;n o escribir este libro en particular. Pero el proceso de escritura s&#237; respond&#237;a a los fundamentos de la investigaci&#243;n activista en la medida en que devolv&#237;a al activismo lo que hab&#237;amos investigado por nuestra cuenta y, a la vez, en interacci&#243;n con distintos activistas. De hecho, este libro ten&#237;a una fuerte influencia de nuestra formaci&#243;n en IAP, socioan&#225;lisis institucional, psicodrama psicoanal&#237;tico, din&#225;micas de grupo, educaci&#243;n popular, animaci&#243;n sociocultural, sociolog&#237;a del trabajo, resoluci&#243;n noviolenta de conflictos, semi&#243;tica y comunicaci&#243;n social. En estas y otras materias le&#237;amos con fruici&#243;n y discut&#237;amos sus aportaciones y limitaciones. Eran tiempos incipientes de Internet, as&#237; que la mayor parte de nuestras fuentes eran libros y fotocopias. Pero todo ese trabajo de lectura y an&#225;lisis cr&#237;tico deb&#237;a traducirse a un lenguaje accesible para un p&#250;blico amplio, con una m&#237;nima cualificaci&#243;n educativa, y a&#241;adir ilustraciones, cuadros sin&#243;pticos, ejemplos, listas de recomendaciones y mensajes directos y claros. Es en este punto donde la experiencia activista y el sentido com&#250;n confieren un cierto sentido de realidad respecto al nivel de comunicaci&#243;n necesario para un trabajo de divulgaci&#243;n &#8220;t&#233;cnica&#8221; como este.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Como he se&#241;alado antes, se trata tambi&#233;n de una t&#233;cnica cargada de contenido pol&#237;tico. En nuestras militancias de aquella &#233;poca tambi&#233;n le&#237;amos textos productos de las lizas pol&#237;ticas en las que est&#225;bamos activos, de las luchas sindicales, de los per&#237;odos revolucionarios del pasado, de corrientes ideol&#243;gicas afines como el anarquismo y el marxismo consejista, de las reflexiones producidas en el seno de los movimientos sociales, etc. Esos textos apenas son citados en este manual, aunque hacen alguna aparici&#243;n en el collage de referencias que fuimos combinando a lo largo del texto. De todas estas tradiciones y &#8220;conocimientos&#8221; activistas tambi&#233;n nos nutrimos. Sin embargo, el objetivo no era hacer un panfleto que se ajustara al &#8220;dogma&#8221; o la &#8220;l&#237;nea oficial&#8221; de una de ellas. Al contrario, nos concentramos en un terreno pol&#237;tico intermedio o transversal. En concreto, nos preocupaba especialmente que las reuniones y asambleas alcanzaran tres &#8220;niveles de objetivos&#8221; fundamentales: la eficacia, la participaci&#243;n democr&#225;tica y las relaciones personales de cordialidad y cooperaci&#243;n. Puede haber contradicciones entre ellos o mejor evaluaci&#243;n de unos que de otros en cada caso, pero ese conjunto result&#243; ser una gu&#237;a suficientemente n&#237;tida y sugerente para muchos potenciales lectores con distintas posiciones ideol&#243;gicas. Incluso dir&#237;a que esa triada de objetivos resultaba contrahegem&#243;nica tanto como oposici&#243;n al dominio de relaciones y organizaciones sociales jer&#225;rquicas en sociedades capitalistas y en sistemas autoritarios, como en lo que respecta a las micro-agresiones cotidianas que se ejercen en muchas organizaciones sociales declaradamente de izquierdas u horizontales.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A aquel libro le sucedieron algunos art&#237;culos breves a modo de coda (&lt;a href=&#034;https://www.miguelangelmartinez.net/?Reflexiones-sobre-las-asambleas&#034; class=&#034;spip_url spip_out auto&#034; rel=&#034;nofollow external&#034;&gt;https://www.miguelangelmartinez.net/?Reflexiones-sobre-las-asambleas&lt;/a&gt;) y, en mi caso, una continua observaci&#243;n atenta a las asambleas y reuniones en las que segu&#237; participando, sobre todo durante los a&#241;os &#225;lgidos del movimiento 15M (2011-2013). En los a&#241;os inmediatamente posteriores a la publicaci&#243;n del libro, distintos colectivos de activistas nos solicitaron facilitar talleres de formaci&#243;n acerca de los principales contenidos. Ana Lorenzo trabaj&#243; profesionalmente durante d&#233;cadas en el &#225;mbito cooperativo y asociativo, perfeccionando sus conocimientos en temas organizacionales. Nuevos libros relevantes y brillantes sobre t&#233;cnica asamblearia fueron tambi&#233;n publicados por Ana y otros autores (por ejemplo, F. Cembranos y J.A. Medina: &lt;i&gt;Grupos inteligentes. Teor&#237;a y pr&#225;ctica del trabajo en equipo&lt;/i&gt;, Ed. Popular, 2011; A. Lorenzo, J. Fente y L. Garc&#237;a: &lt;i&gt;Asembleas cooperativas. Procesos de democracia e participaci&#243;n&lt;/i&gt;, Cidadan&#237;a S.Coop., 2010; A. Estalella:&lt;i&gt; C&#243;mo hacer una asamblea&lt;/i&gt;, La aventura de aprender, 2017). En los movimientos de okupaciones y de vivienda con los que yo colabor&#233; tambi&#233;n surgieron iniciativas semejantes de elaborar libros en forma de &#8220;manual&#8221; que gozaron de saludables difusiones (por ejemplo, &lt;i&gt;Manual de Okupaci&#243;n&lt;/i&gt;, Okupatutambien.net, 2011; J. Fran&#231;a:&lt;i&gt; La PAH. Manual de uso&lt;/i&gt;. Rosa Luxemburg Stiftung, 2021; Sindicato de Inquilinas e Inquilinos de Madrid: &lt;i&gt;Manual de organizaci&#243;n inquilina&lt;/i&gt;, Rosa Luxemburg Stiftung, 2023). En todos estos casos, esos libros tienen poco &#8220;reconocimiento&#8221; acad&#233;mico (no valen como &#8220;moneda de cambio&#8221;) y, sin embargo, s&#237; tienen un gran impacto pol&#237;tico gracias a los conocimientos acad&#233;micos de sus autores. Aunque no provengan necesariamente de investigaciones sistem&#225;ticas y colaborativas, s&#237; se alinean con las corrientes de investigaci&#243;n activista y militante, al menos en una de sus facetas: la &#8220;divulgaci&#243;n t&#233;cnica&#8221; en el sentido desarrollado m&#225;s arriba. Se trata, por lo tanto, a mi entender, de libros con un perfil acad&#233;mico bajo, pero con una alta capacidad de generar organizaci&#243;n pol&#237;tica de base y de empoderar a los y las activistas. Aunque no cuenten mucho en nuestros curriculum vitae acad&#233;micos, creo que su demostrada utilidad social como &#8220;herramientas pol&#237;ticas&#8221; consiguen que el trabajo acad&#233;mico tenga sentido m&#225;s all&#225; de las simples, reduccionistas y neoliberales m&#233;tricas de impacto que han colonizado las universidades actuales.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		
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<item xml:lang="en">
		<title>Squatting</title>
		<link>https://miguelangelmartinez.net/?Squatting-344</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://miguelangelmartinez.net/?Squatting-344</guid>
		<dc:date>2026-04-10T10:40:12Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>en</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>Miguel Angel Martinez</dc:creator>


		<dc:subject>Squatting</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Activism</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Housing</dc:subject>

		<description>&lt;p&gt;Mart&#237;nez, Miguel A. (2026) Squatting. In Madeleine Hamlin and Carlos Delcl&#243;s (Eds.) &lt;i&gt;Housing Justice: A Lexicon for Building Solidarity.&lt;/i&gt; Oakland: PM Press, 316-323.&lt;/p&gt;

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		&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;p&gt;The conventional definition of squatting refers to the use of a dwelling, building, plot of land, or urban facility without the authorisation of its legal property owner. This is an inadequate and even confusing view, because many questions remain unanswered. Who is squatting? Why? What is the situation of the occupied property? Who is the owner? What kind of social, political, and economic structures allow such ownership and the various types of occupations without the owner's consent? And, in the context of this book, we should also ask to what extent squatters contribute to housing justice.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		
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<item xml:lang="en">
		<title>Struggles for the Right to Housing between Physical and Social Distances. Interview with Miguel A. Mart&#237;nez</title>
		<link>https://miguelangelmartinez.net/?Struggles-for-the-Right-to-Housing-between-Physical-and-Social-Distances</link>
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		<dc:date>2026-04-08T17:45:30Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>en</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>Miguel Angel Martinez</dc:creator>


		<dc:subject>Urban Sociology</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Social Movements</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Activism</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Housing</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Spaces</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Theory</dc:subject>

		<description>&lt;p&gt;Zaccaria, R. (2023). Struggles for the Right to Housing between Physical and Social Distances. Interview with Miguel A. Mart&#237;nez. &lt;i&gt;Fuori Luogo Journal of Sociology of Territory, Tourism, Technology&lt;/i&gt;, 15(2), 73&#8211;86. &lt;a href=&#034;https://doi.org/10.6093/2723-9608/10182&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;https://doi.org/10.6093/2723-9608/10182&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

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		&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;p&gt;Miguel A. Mart&#237;nez is Professor of Housing and Urban Sociology at the Institute for Housing and Urban Research (IBF), Uppsala University (Sweden). During his academic career, he has held teaching positions at several universities in Spain, Portugal, and Hong Kong. In addition, Mart&#237;nez has worked in the Housing Department of the Municipality of Vigo and as a consultant on various urban plans in Spain.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;His research focuses on the analysis of urban movements and activism, with a special interest in participatory processes in urban planning. His study topics include housing policies, socio-spatial segregation, public space use, urban commons, sustainable mobility, labour and social structures, local governance, and gentrification. Being also interested in migration and globalization, since 2011 Miguel Mart&#237;nez has broadened his critical gaze by going on to study anti-neoliberal, pro-democracy and pro-common goods movements as well, such as the Indignados in Spain or the Umbrella Movement in Hong Kong. Methodologically, his approach is predominantly qualitative and developed from his early interest in Participatory-Action-Research methods and processes. His studies have been conducted in different urban settings, such as Porto, Vigo, Madrid and Hong Kong, where he spent long research periods. He also spent shorter periods of research in Medellin, Chicago, Beijing, Berlin, Amsterdam, Buenos Aires, Belo Horizonte, etc. Participating first hand in various social movements that were developing in these cities, Mart&#237;nez focused his studies on this issue.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;As Mart&#237;nez himself points out in one of his latest works, there are not many comprehensive critical analyses of the various research conducted on squatters' movements in Europe. The author proposes one in the volume &lt;i&gt;Squatters in the capitalist city. Housing, Justice and Urban Politics&lt;/i&gt; (2020), highlighting the opportunity to study the historical trajectories of the various housing movements in order to guide progressive policy perspectives. In general, the theme of housing is necessarily linked to issues of justice and social inclusion, which Mart&#237;nez refers to the sphere of urban politics. But his attention to the spatial dimensions of social movements is focal in all his work. In the volume just cited, he compares different movements in different cities and contexts, framing squatting not as an illegal and marginal practice, but as a long-lasting transnational urban movement with important political and social implications. In this way, he highlights the distance that often exists between urban policies and the right to housing.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In the volume &lt;i&gt;Resisting Citizenship. Migrant Housing Squats Against State Enclosures&lt;/i&gt; (2021), Mart&#237;nez and colleagues address the study of migrant squats, noting how they are incorporated into the broader framework of movements engaged in anti-racist, anarchist and anti-authoritarian politics. These coalesce with migrants' squats to share spaces for claiming civil rights, thus narrowing the distance &#8220;between hosts and guests&#8221; and building networks of solidarity on which processes of social inclusion are structured.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The most usual form of protest for squatters is the unauthorised occupation of buildings and land, which according to Mart&#237;nez represents a well-established repertoire of protest. It is the main socio-spatial practice (condensing means and ends of protest) used by European squatting movements over the last forty years.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The concept of the &#8216;right to the city' generally underlies Mart&#237;nez's analytical reflection (Lefebvre, 1968). However, it must be said that with respect to this concept, Mart&#237;nez himself takes a critical position (&#034;European squatters' movements and the right to the city&#034;, in &lt;i&gt;Routledge Handbook of Contemporary European Social Movements&lt;/i&gt;, 2020). Indeed, according to the author, the concept can help to understand squatting movements insofar as activists take over urban spaces; they are centrally located and connected to urban structures and networks; they practice self-management, direct democracy and the empowerment of the marginalised. However, it neglects other sources of oppression and social division such as gender, ethnicity, citizenship and housing status, which can generate other equally significant movements. As Mart&#237;nez states, the right-to-city approach is valid, but fails to capture modern complexities; therefore, comparative case studies are needed to better understand urban activism. And this is the main avenue of research he follows.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		
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		<title>Epistemic extractivism in engaged urban and housing research: Implications and counter-measures</title>
		<link>https://miguelangelmartinez.net/?Epistemic-extractivism-in-engaged-urban-and-housing-research-Implications-and</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://miguelangelmartinez.net/?Epistemic-extractivism-in-engaged-urban-and-housing-research-Implications-and</guid>
		<dc:date>2026-01-17T18:11:47Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>en</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>Miguel Angel Martinez</dc:creator>


		<dc:subject>General Sociology</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Urban Sociology</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Activism</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Housing</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Methods</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Participation</dc:subject>

		<description>&lt;p&gt;Mart&#237;nez, Miguel A. (2026) Epistemic extractivism in engaged urban and housing research: Implications and counter-measures. &lt;i&gt;International Journal of Urban and Regional Research.&lt;/i&gt; &lt;a href=&#034;https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2427.70055&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2427.70055&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

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&lt;a href="https://miguelangelmartinez.net/?-Articles-in-Academic-Journals-" rel="directory"&gt;Articles in Academic Journals&lt;/a&gt;

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&lt;a href="https://miguelangelmartinez.net/?+-General-Sociology-+" rel="tag"&gt;General Sociology&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://miguelangelmartinez.net/?+-Urban-Sociology-+" rel="tag"&gt;Urban Sociology&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://miguelangelmartinez.net/?+-Activism-+" rel="tag"&gt;Activism&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://miguelangelmartinez.net/?+-Housing-+" rel="tag"&gt;Housing&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://miguelangelmartinez.net/?+-Methods-+" rel="tag"&gt;Methods&lt;/a&gt;, 
&lt;a href="https://miguelangelmartinez.net/?+-Participation-+" rel="tag"&gt;Participation&lt;/a&gt;

		</description>


 <content:encoded>&lt;img src='https://miguelangelmartinez.net/local/cache-vignettes/L106xH150/screenshot_from_2026-01-17_19-06-11-afcd5.png?1777131937' class='spip_logo spip_logo_right' width='106' height='150' alt=&#034;&#034; /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;p&gt;What is &#8216;epistemic extractivism', and how does it affect researchers who are engaged in urban and housing movements? This essay first explores the contexts of both engaged research and epistemic extractivism, clarifying their meanings and implications. It also disentangles the ethical and methodological risks posed by epistemic extractivism in the academic support of emancipatory struggles. Through an analysis of recent experiences of urban and housing activist research, I identify practical measures to prevent, neutralize or reverse epistemic extractivism. The main argument is that the perils of extractivism are less dependent on the extent or quality of data extraction than on the agreements, reciprocity and accountability established between academics and non-academics in collaborative projects. Furthermore, issues of reductionism, as well as the reproduction of social inequalities in terms of labour and rewards during the research process, may be overlooked. I contend that engaged housing and urban scholars should take these issues into consideration.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		
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<item xml:lang="en">
		<title>Global corporate landlordism and a new cycle of tenant contention</title>
		<link>https://miguelangelmartinez.net/?Global-corporate-landlordism-and-a-new-cycle-of-tenant-contention</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://miguelangelmartinez.net/?Global-corporate-landlordism-and-a-new-cycle-of-tenant-contention</guid>
		<dc:date>2026-01-17T17:55:24Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>en</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>Miguel Angel Martinez</dc:creator>


		<dc:subject>Urban Sociology</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Social Movements</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Activism</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Capitalism</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Housing</dc:subject>

		<description>&lt;p&gt;Vidal, Lorenzo; Gil, Javier &amp; Mart&#237;nez, Miguel A. (2025) Global corporate landlordism and a new cycle of tenant contention. &lt;i&gt;Urban Studies&lt;/i&gt; 62(16): 3113&#8211;3128. &lt;a href=&#034;https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/00420980251379359&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/00420980251379359&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

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&lt;a href="https://miguelangelmartinez.net/?+-Housing-+" rel="tag"&gt;Housing&lt;/a&gt;

		</description>


 <content:encoded>&lt;img src='https://miguelangelmartinez.net/local/cache-vignettes/L105xH150/screenshot_from_2026-01-17_18-38-14-c3855.png?1777131937' class='spip_logo spip_logo_right' width='105' height='150' alt=&#034;&#034; /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;p&gt;This introduction to the special issue offers a preliminary comparative reading of the struggles between global corporate landlords (GCLs) and tenants in contemporary urban landscapes. It traces the rise of GCLs in the lead-up to, and aftermath of, the 2008 global financial crisis and suggests that their aggressive property management practices have catalysed a new cycle of tenant contention. Drawing on recent scholarship and the contributions to the special issue, it outlines the main characteristics and operational logics of GCLs, the repertoires of contention developed during this cycle and the key tenant demands and policy proposals that have emerged. The growing concentration of property and power in the hands of GCLs has also brought tenants together in common struggle across multiple sites and scales. While the outcomes of these struggles remain uncertain, they have given rise to radical tenant practices and demands that are beginning to challenge the decades-long trajectory of housing commodification and financialisation underpinning today's global housing crisis.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Other articles in this special issue on &lt;i&gt;Global corporate landlords and tenant struggles&lt;/i&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Mathilde Lind Gustavussen: Leveraging the collective: Contesting California's corporate landlords through multibuilding organising. &lt;a href=&#034;https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/00420980251324160&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/00420980251324160&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Jordi Bonshoms-Guzman: Laboratory Barcelona: Tenants, corporate landlords and housing justice. &lt;a href=&#034;https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/00420980241292178&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/00420980241292178&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Ana Santamarina &amp; Lazaros Karaliotas: Housing struggles challenging racial capitalism: The politics of the No Evictions Network in Glasgow. &lt;a href=&#034;https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/00420980251335617&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/00420980251335617&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Lisa Vollmer: Overcoming hyper-localism: How global corporate landlords shape their own opposition. &lt;a href=&#034;https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/00420980251344048&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/00420980251344048&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Gabriele D'Adda &amp; Joanna Kusiak: Striking back with the law: Legal struggles against corporate landlords in Barcelona and Berlin. &lt;a href=&#034;https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/00420980241300417&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/00420980241300417&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Marta Ill-Raga: Forging a global union against rentier exploitation: A commentary on tenant internationalism. &lt;a href=&#034;https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/00420980251351208&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/00420980251351208&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Lorenzo Vidal: Neighbourhoods against global corporate landlords. &lt;a href=&#034;https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/00420980251351247&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/00420980251351247&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Ivana Socoloff: Corporate landlords in Latin America: Notes to an ongoing debate. &lt;a href=&#034;https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/00420980251351199&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/00420980251351199&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		
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<item xml:lang="es">
		<title>Centros Sociales Autogestionados: &#191;unidos?</title>
		<link>https://miguelangelmartinez.net/?Centros-Sociales-Autogestionados-unidos</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://miguelangelmartinez.net/?Centros-Sociales-Autogestionados-unidos</guid>
		<dc:date>2026-01-17T17:33:52Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>es</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>Miguel Angel Martinez</dc:creator>


		<dc:subject>Social Movements</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Urban Sociology</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Activism</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Autonomy</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Spaces</dc:subject>

		<description>&lt;p&gt;Mart&#237;nez, Miguel A. (2025) Centros Sociales Autogestionados: &#191;unidos? &lt;i&gt;El Salto&lt;/i&gt; &lt;a href=&#034;https://www.elsaltodiario.com/cuadernos-de-ciudad/centros-sociales-autogestionados-unidos&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;https://www.elsaltodiario.com/cuadernos-de-ciudad/centros-sociales-autogestionados-unidos&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

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&lt;a href="https://miguelangelmartinez.net/?+-Social-Movements-+" rel="tag"&gt;Social Movements&lt;/a&gt;, 
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		&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;p&gt;&#191;Pueden, deben o quieren unirse los Centros Sociales Autogestionados dadas sus diferencias y afinidades? En este art&#237;culo se plantea este debate a partir de las aportaciones que hicieron varios CSA de Madrid en un encuentro reciente.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La pregunta, m&#225;s bien, podr&#237;a ser: &#191;solo unidos por lo que los separa? Como un archipi&#233;lago. Y no es el mar aqu&#237;: lo que nos separa es la ciudad capitalista. No solo: tambi&#233;n la ciudad patriarcal, racista, ecocida, violenta, acelerada, alienante. Pero, sobre todo, capitalista. Porque todo se compra y se vende, porque el capital marca la pauta, porque todo es trabajo asalariado: limpiando casas, arreglando tuber&#237;as, poniendo ladrillos, vendiendo al por menor, enfrente de una pantalla, repartiendo en bicicleta. Todo es apropiaci&#243;n privada y acumulaci&#243;n de beneficios en unas pocas manos: desigualdades econ&#243;micas colosales que colonizan todas nuestras relaciones sociales.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&#191;Y si en lugar de hacer frente al capitalismo urbano desde cada isla de autogesti&#243;n, se tendieran puentes entre ellas? Puentes s&#243;lidos m&#225;s que redes, coordinadoras, plataformas o encuentros ocasionales. Puentes con vocaci&#243;n de permanencia. Para que la clase obrera global e interseccional se pasee, jubilosa, por encima de los tiburones del capital. La pregunta surgi&#243; hace unos d&#237;as en Madrid, en un coloquio a ra&#237;z de la publicaci&#243;n del libro Centros Sociales Autogestionados: Por una reapropiaci&#243;n colectiva de la ciudad. El evento congreg&#243; a los anfitriones, el CSA La Villana de Vallekas y su librer&#237;a Malaletra, y a activistas de La Enredadera, La Rosa, La Piluka y El Eko.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;La pregunta sobre los v&#237;nculos entre los CSA no era nueva. Ya hubo intentos de responderla en el pasado. Por oleadas. El &#237;mpetu no llegaba nunca a poner muchas piedras del puente. Los nombres y modelos generaban desacuerdos y en muchas ciudades, despu&#233;s, llegaba el reflujo. La vocaci&#243;n de isla, de barrio, de peque&#241;a centralidad, suele ganar la partida. Pero siempre hay ganas de nuevos intentos. Porque a muchos CSA los anima un fuego de revoluci&#243;n, de cambiar la vida, de ponerle barricadas a la extorsi&#243;n del capital y del fascismo.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Porque los CSA no son reci&#233;n llegados a las ciudades. Un viento lejano desde el fondo de la historia sopla a su favor: antes hubo ateneos libertarios, casas del pueblo, centros vecinales, centros de inmigrantes, casas de mujeres, huertos comunitarios, imprescindibles espacios de resistencia y creaci&#243;n de poder popular. No se los denominaba comunes urbanos, como hoy, pero muchos lo fueron m&#225;s plenos que algunos espacios de agregaci&#243;n pol&#237;tica actuales.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En el coloquio alguien dijo: no deber&#237;amos distinguir los CSA por su r&#233;gimen de propiedad (centros comprados, hipotecados, alquilados, cedidos u okupados) sino entre activos, estancados y autodestructivos. Fue casi un manifiesto: unamos a los activos, que se reanimen los estancados y prescindamos de los autodestructivos. En otras palabras: construyamos puentes solo entre los CSA afines, aceptando una amplia gama de comunes urbanos, poniendo l&#237;mites all&#237; donde no hay aportaciones fruct&#237;feras a la obra de consolidar v&#237;nculos.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt; En realidad, durante las &#250;ltimas d&#233;cadas, lo que m&#225;s ha unido y desunido a la vez ha sido un magma de relaciones informales. Afinidades casuales, amistades pol&#237;ticas, colaboraciones puntuales, reconocerse en luchas concretas. Son muy valiosas porque preservan la autonom&#237;a de cada CSA y ayudan a respetar una diversidad militante casi org&#225;nica. Pero las informalidades son tambi&#233;n fr&#225;giles y ef&#237;meras a largo plazo. Diluyen la fuerza antagonista del conjunto de CSA: como movimiento social, como bloque de contrapoderes. Alguien sugiri&#243; otro concepto alternativo: una confederaci&#243;n de luchas.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;En todo caso, cuantos m&#225;s lazos informales, aunque sean fuertes en el breve lapso de lo cotidiano, m&#225;s se disuelve la identidad, la visibilidad y el valor para toda la sociedad de los CSA, como un azucarillo en el mar salado. De hecho, es parad&#243;jico: &#191;por qu&#233; unir a los CSA entre s&#237; cuando cada uno de ellos ya une a todo lo que est&#225; en su entorno inmediato?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Rara vez se ha logrado la centralidad de un movimiento de CSA, pero cada experiencia activa, no convaleciente, suele constituir una centralidad local. Infraestructuras para quien carece de espacios colectivos donde juntarse y organizarse. Lugares de encuentro para los &#225;tomos urbanos que trabajan, se desplazan, cuidan, se resisten al oprobio, sobreviven. Lugares de conspiraci&#243;n, de rebeli&#243;n, de diversi&#243;n, de invenci&#243;n, de ayuda mutua. Lugares gratuitos, baratos, de trabajo activista y alegre. De cooperaci&#243;n entre quienes viven de su trabajo sin explotaci&#243;n de terceros. De insumisi&#243;n a cooperar con la clase expropiadora y especuladora, de resistencia a consumir lo in&#250;til, a mendigar lo necesario.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los CSA ya son centralidades urbanas beneficiosas para la clase trabajadora, incluso aunque se ubiquen en las periferias urbanas. &#191;Para qu&#233; ir m&#225;s all&#225;? Lo que m&#225;s cuesta es llegar al coraz&#243;n de la bestia, o permanecer en &#233;l cuando erupciona una nueva isla de autogesti&#243;n entre sus venas de tr&#225;fico y dinero. En el centro de los negocios y de la dominaci&#243;n, entre los edificios del lujo y el turismo, es donde las brechas del contrapoder obrero adquieren m&#225;s visibilidad. Interfieren de forma m&#225;s alarmante la circulaci&#243;n del capital.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Un movimiento o confederaci&#243;n de CSA, por lo tanto, proporcionar&#237;a una identidad, un frente de luchas para defender, reforzar y expandir esos espacios colectivos, aceptando sus diferencias mutuas. Y no tendr&#237;a por qu&#233; restringirse a una sola ciudad o &#225;rea metropolitana. En algunas ciudades peque&#241;as solo hay uno o unos pocos CSA afines. Y su alianza m&#225;s all&#225; de lo local es siempre fuente de inspiraci&#243;n, aprendizaje y solidaridad.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Otra voz del coloquio: solo necesitamos acordar unos principios b&#225;sicos para la unidad. La lista de antis- (anticapitalista, antirracista, antipatriarcal, antifascista, etc.) es obvia pero insuficiente. La unidad ante la represi&#243;n tambi&#233;n es crucial, pero solo proyecta una imagen de car&#225;cter defensivo y beligerante. Si se busca la apertura de los CSA a un amplio rango de edades, condiciones culturales, situaciones econ&#243;micas e iniciativas pol&#237;ticas, los CSA deben desplegar m&#250;ltiples ofensivas: no solo campa&#241;as conjuntas contra sus enemigos interseccionales de clase, tambi&#233;n poniendo en valor su modo de crear comunidad, reivindicando los espacios no comerciales ni lucrativos, el encuentro prol&#237;fico y seguro.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Al igual que las federaciones de empresas cooperativas y los mercados sociales: los CSA empoderan, democratizan, satisfacen necesidades sociales y se reapropian de la riqueza colectiva. Al igual que las federaciones sindicales y los movimientos de vivienda: los CSA pueden dejar de ser un bloque invisible cuando caminan al lado de las luchas obreras por el salario directo e indirecto, por los servicios sociales universales, por los derechos a migrar, al aborto, a la diversidad funcional, al trabajo digno, a la vivienda digna, a resistir el desahucio.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;No menos que aline&#225;ndose con las luchas contra los CIE y las deportaciones, con los movimientos de mujeres y LGTBIQ+, con la solidaridad con Palestina: el conjunto de CSA suele ofrecerse como hogar para abundantes banderas emancipadoras, adem&#225;s de hospedar en sus espacios concretos esas y otras luchas. En algunas ciudades, incluso algunos centros vecinales, c&#237;vicos o art&#237;sticos, no anquilosados burocr&#225;ticamente ni manipulados por las fuerzas y partidos del capital, podr&#237;an unirse al bloque, frente, confederaci&#243;n o movimiento de CSA. La denominaci&#243;n m&#225;s precisa surgir&#225; sobre la marcha.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Por &#250;ltimo, se plante&#243;: ni siquiera intercambiamos informaci&#243;n o recursos entre nosotros. Las redes sociales virtuales, difusas y agotadoras, extractivas y divisivas, se a&#241;aden a las aguas turbulentas del capitalismo medi&#225;tico. En muchos lugares han reemplazado y ahogado iniciativas pasadas como las agendas mensuales de los CSA en forma de poster o p&#225;gina web. En Madrid, por ejemplo, contin&#250;a saliendo en papel MadridEnAcci&#243;n, pero no lleva una agenda de las actividades en los CSA vigentes. Hay mucho por hacer desde todos los extremos implicados.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&#191;C&#243;mo van a saber los j&#243;venes sin privilegios, por ejemplo, que hay conciertos, salas de ensayo, bibliotecas, lugares de estudio, ordenadores, despensas y comedores populares a su disposici&#243;n en los intersticios de la ciudad vamp&#237;rica? &#191;Seguiremos pasivamente dej&#225;ndolos que solo se expongan a la catarata de im&#225;genes y relatos de odio contra el semejante y el de m&#225;s abajo? O hemos encontrado l&#237;mites o hemos dado pasos atr&#225;s en la contrainformaci&#243;n necesaria. Y es hora de recuperar el terreno perdido.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Los CSA son nodos esenciales en esa tarea. Para cortocircuitar la espiral de autoritarismo que est&#225; devolvi&#233;ndonos a los abismos del pasado no basta con abrir espacios de autonom&#237;a. Hay que propagar, desde las pr&#225;cticas y la cotidianidad, im&#225;genes y relatos de subversi&#243;n y de liberaci&#243;n del capitalismo urbano. A los fondos buitre, a los empresarios que aprietan la soga al cuello de cada currela, a la clase pol&#237;tica que solo busca rebajar los impuestos y regalar la sanidad y la educaci&#243;n a sus amistades mafiosas, les viene al pelo toda ausencia de contrahegemon&#237;a.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Las fuerzas oscuras avanzan r&#225;pido. Aunque los CSA no hayan estado muy unidos formalmente o de forma duradera hasta la fecha, es justo reconocer que esas fuerzas no los han vencido. La unidad m&#225;s tangible y constructiva de los CSA quiz&#225; pueda cortarles el paso.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		
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<item xml:lang="en">
		<title>From &#8216;mom-and-pop' to &#8216;vulnerable landlords': Debunking the mythical figures that legitimise rent extraction and challenge rent control policies</title>
		<link>https://miguelangelmartinez.net/?From-mom-and-pop-to-vulnerable-landlords-Debunking-the-mythical-figures-that</link>
		<guid isPermaLink="true">https://miguelangelmartinez.net/?From-mom-and-pop-to-vulnerable-landlords-Debunking-the-mythical-figures-that</guid>
		<dc:date>2025-08-26T10:12:33Z</dc:date>
		<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
		<dc:language>en</dc:language>
		<dc:creator>Miguel Angel Martinez</dc:creator>


		<dc:subject>Urban Sociology</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Capitalism</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Housing</dc:subject>
		<dc:subject>Social structures</dc:subject>

		<description>&lt;p&gt;Gil, Javier; Vidal, Lorenzo; Mart&#237;nez, Miguel A. (2025) From &#8216;mom-and-pop' to &#8216;vulnerable landlords': Debunking the mythical figures that legitimise rent extraction and challenge rent control policies. &lt;i&gt;Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;a href=&#034;https://doi.org/10.1177/0308518X251342&#034; class=&#034;spip_out&#034; rel=&#034;external&#034;&gt;https://doi.org/10.1177/0308518X251342&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

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 <content:encoded>&lt;img src='https://miguelangelmartinez.net/local/cache-vignettes/L104xH150/epa-cd009.jpg?1777131937' class='spip_logo spip_logo_right' width='104' height='150' alt=&#034;&#034; /&gt;
		&lt;div class='rss_texte'&gt;&lt;p&gt;This paper critically examines the widely spread myths of &#8216;mom-and-pop' and &#8216;vulnerable landlords' within the Spanish rental market, by exploring their role in legitimising rent extraction and opposing rent control measures. Amid rising rental prices and increasing tenant impoverishment in the wake of the 2008 financial crisis, this study addresses how these landlord archetypes distort public and political discourse, thereby influencing rental market regulations. We debunk these myths by conducting a critical analysis of statistical categorisation and available evidence. Our findings reveal that landlords in Spain, rather than being predominantly small-scale, financially vulnerable individuals, represent a small minority who are among the higher income earners and are typically multi-property landlords benefitting substantially from the rental market. We therefore argue that the main goal of the discourses conveyed by the prevalent myths regarding landlords is to obscure the actual socioeconomic structure of the rental market and to preserve it as is. These myths serve to shield the interests of the capitalist class by presenting their objectives as aligned with broader societal needs, which we interpret here according to the Gramscian notion of &#8216;hegemony'. We conclude that, as rental housing continues to expand as a key means of capital accumulation, these discourses will intensify and will acquire greater political centrality. Revealing these contradictions therefore becomes crucial to delegitimising existing rental structures and advocating for rental regulation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
		
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